Problem Analysis of the Aspect of the Attitude Problems within the Organization

3 Tips for Writing a Stellar Why Boston University Essay

3 Tips for Writing a Stellar Why Boston University Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re applying to Boston University, you’ll need to respond to the Why Boston University essay prompt as part of your application. The Why BU essay is a required element of your application and a great way to show the BU admissions committee why Boston University is the right fit for you and vice versa. In this article, we’ll break down the Why Boston University essay prompt, give you ideas for what to talk about, and offer tips for writing an essay that will wow the admissions committee. The Why Boston University Essay Prompt The Why BU essay prompt is short and simple: What about being a student at Boston University most excites you? (250 words) See? Easy! In your Why BU essay, you have 250 words to show the admissions committee why you love Boston University and why you are a great fit for the school. While 250 words is enough space to express yourself clearly, you’ll want to be concise and clear in your messaging to communicate effectively and garner a strong reaction from your essay readers. What Is the Purpose of the Why BU Essay? Many schools require a â€Å"Why this school† essay. Why? Because colleges want to see that you really want to attend their school. Students who love their school are more likely to be active and happy students and later, active and happy alumni. Your essay should show the admissions committee that you really love Boston University, which will make them feel more confident that you’ll be a great addition to the campus. If your essay is generic or nonspecific to Boston University, the admissions committee will worry that you’re not invested in attending. They may even think that you don’t care about getting into Boston University, which could cause them to pass over your application in favor of another student’s who really wants to attend. Basically, Boston University wants to make sure you know and value what they offer, and they also want to assess how you’ll take advantage of the many opportunities on BU’s campus to further your academic and professional career. What Should I Write About in My Why BU Essay? So what should you write about in your Why BU essay? You should identify concrete reasons why BU is your dream school. Here are three ideas for topics. #1: A Specific Course or Professor You'd Like to Study With One of the ways to demonstrate your excitement for attending BU is by highlighting a specific course you’d like to take or professor you’d like to study with. Universities don’t share their course schedule or their professors, so the offerings at BU are unique to BU. If you highlight a specific class, it shows why you’re interested in taking advantage of BU’s academics. You should have a concrete reason for wanting to take this class or study with this professor. Tie your interest to your long-term professional goals so that the admissions committee sees how attending BU will help you invest in your future. If you go the professor route, make sure you highlight why this professor is so special to you. Is he or she a leader in his field? Have they done interesting research lately? Are they known for teaching in a unique way? Whatever the reason, make sure it’s strong - you don’t want to feel like you’re inventing something. #2: An Interaction You Had With a Current or Former Student Talking about BU with a current or former student shows your passion for the university and highlights that you’ve taken the initiative to learn more. Students are able to speak to the vibe on campus, as well as why Boston University is a great place to spend four years. Name-dropping a current or former student will show that you really believe Boston University is the right school for you. When you’re recounting your conversation, remember that your reasons don’t have to be particularly highbrow or impressive. You can talk about how you were excited to learn about the intramural kickball teams, for instance. Just pick specific reasons that your conversation resonated with you. #3: A Program You’re Excited About Participating In Boston University has a number of unique programs, including their Honors College, Film/Television department, and Engineering programs. If you want to participate in a specific program, you can talk about that in this essay. Be sure to highlight specific features of the program that are important to you, whether that’s getting to do experiential learning in the Honors College or taking part in BU’s television channel. Whatever the program, make sure you highlight a few specific features and explain why they’re important. Tips for Writing an Amazing Why Boston University Essay You want your Why Boston University essay to be as strong as possible. Here are some tips to make that happen. #1: Be Authentic The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you thinkBU wants you to be. #2: Be BU-Specific Nothing about your Why BU essay should be generic or impersonal. The more specific you can be when answering this prompt, the better. Don’t say Boston University has great academics, caring professors, and an interesting student body. The admissions offers don’t need you to tell them that. Similarly, don't talk about why you want to go to school in Boston. There are hundreds of colleges in Boston - you need to highlight why this specific school is the right one for you. Everything you write about in your Why Boston University essay should be specific to Boston University - from the names of the professors and the courses to the feeling you had while visiting the campus. The more authentic you are, the more your passion for BU will stand out. Do your research, so you’re able to give specifics. #3: Submit Your Best Work Your Boston University essay should be edited and proofread, free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your â€Å"Why Boston University† essay, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. In Summary The Why Boston University essay is your place to demonstrate your passion for BU and why you hope to attend. You should include: Specific examples of why BU is the right school for you Authentic statements about your interest in BU You should not include: Examples that can apply to any university, not just BU Anything that indicates you’re not that interested in attending BU What’s Next? Need help mastering the other essays for Boston University? We have an article that breaks down all of the essays you need to apply for BU. Haven’t started your Common Application yet? No problem! We’ve got you covered with tips and tricks to make your application stand out from the crowd. Are you worried about standardized tests and their role in your college application? Read this article to find out when these tests might not matter for you.Also take a look at this list of colleges that don't require SAT scores. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Supporting Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Supporting Activity - Essay Example The process is complemented by the cost factor, taking into account the budgeted funds and resources directed to the acquisition of systems. Cost becomes a major issue due to the fact that systems vary in quality, capacity, and pricing, and the acquiring firm only does so within its financial potential (Parno, McCune & Perrig, 2011). On the same note, the role to be played by these systems must be accounted for in ensuring that appropriate and effective systems are acquired. Once the required systems have been acquired, maintenance must be undertaken from time to time for the purpose of ensuring that the acquired systems serve their purpose both in the short run and long run. In maintenance, the commonly faced issues are repair and management, and system upgrading from time to time. Systems require repairs from time to time, making it necessary to effectively manage these systems. Expertise in both repair and management is critical in ensuring that these systems are properly maintained. On the same note, system upgrade cannot be avoided. System developers keep emerging with new and improved versions of the systems that have already been developed (Clements, et al. 2010). In this regard, upgrading systems is a common issue faced when maintaining

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Na - Essay Example The main characters are described in the House behind a Weeping Cheery as people who come to America for freedom only to realise that it was a living hell in the cells. They find themselves slaves, predators and blood suckers. However, in the book, A Good Fall: their personal life is explained as being uneconomical. It argued that it is their own way of doing things in the prisons. The two books differ on personality of individuals as some choose freedom while others find themselves entangled in the freedom arena. The characteristics of the third eye in the book, the crossfire are evident. One of them is that the third eye is observant. He is able to observe that people still stick to their old ways of life. He quotes, â€Å"still thinking of your boyfriend or girlfriend ten years after breakup†. This statement shows a lot of observation and keenness is part of the third eye. He is also courageous as he shuns away the immoral things in the society. He is able to counteract a bullying boss at work and warning about procrastination of activities. This is simply to tell how the third eye is determined to bring things in order. The third eye is also a freedom fighter. He broadly fights the immoral things that take place in the society. The oppression from the governments, bosses and general administrators. The third eye is in frontline to explain the things that take place in the prisons where prisoners are

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations Introduction: Technology explosion and globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations (Prastacos 2002). Organisational Change has become a compulsion in order to maintain competitive edge or be successful in modern businesses and a difficult process to implement in practice due to its complex nature (Hamel et al, 1996) The objectives of this report are to look at the significance of change within an organisation, relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy, stakeholders, models for involving stakeholders, models for change and etc within Tesco. Tesco was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen and had earlier roots from selling groceries in Londons East End markets. The first store to be opened was in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. The first Tesco self-service store was opened in St Albans in 1948. In the 1960s, Tesco started to sell fresh food, clothing and household goods in addition to groceries and opened stores in high streets of towns across England. In the 1990s, Tesco started to expand its operations outside the UK into Eastern Europe. In 1992 Tesco opened its city center stores under the branding of Tesco Metro. In 1995 Tesco introduced the loyalty card and by the end of the 90s diversified further into banking. In the year 2000, Tesco is Britains leading food retailer with 845 stores. It prides itself on quality, customer service and a customer-friendly environment. Task-1: Question-1: Significant change within an organization: A description of the use of ICT for Internal External Communications of the business; Information and communication technology has totally transformed, over the last few years, which has led to a major change in the way communication flows through a business. This has had a massive affect on the way Tesco operates today, as they are a service-related organisation, as they dont produce their own goods. Some examples of changes in technology that have had an effect on the way Tesco communicates internally and externally are; Email- Is used to replace old methods such as faxes, telephone calls and letters, as e-mail is a lot quicker, especially if the message has to be sent to more than one person, it is more convenient than conventional methods, it is also used to correspond with suppliers. Internet- This allows Tesco to create a communication link with the global market; this allows better communication between staff and customers that are overseas. Tescos website allows its customers to see what they are doing externally (e.g.) how they help the local community, it also allows them to explore Tescos range of products and services. Customer can browse through 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world. Network Databases- Has allowed Tesco to replace the old traditional ways of filling and storing information. Customer Service-At Tesco any questions or complaints can be dealt with over the phone or through the Internet, this makes the communication process a lot quicker. Payment Methods- There are a number of ways in which Tescos customers can pay for their goods or services, some of the payment methods that are accepted at Tesco are; Cheque- Details can be printed out at the till, using the information given to produce a receipt. Cheques can be used to pay up to a given price. Debit Card- This allows the customer to pay for their goods or service without any cash, the transaction is automatically checked at the customers bank account, the payment is guaranteed once it has been checked if there is enough in the persons account. Credit Card- This is a similar process however, the money is not taken from the customers account, the sale is paid for at the time. Customers may also ask for up to £50 cash back. IT in store Operation- Information Technology is essential for any large organisation affectively, it is used for many in store operations, for example, monitoring sales, ordering stock etc. Tesco sell thousands of products, therefore they use computerised merchandising systems, to order the correct products to the correct place without these type of system it would be a very long process. Goods are no longer entered manually, which means accurate pricing is guaranteed, because Tesco sell thousands of products, each item has an individual barcode usually printed somewhere on the package, this allows Tesco to monitor their stock levels, which means that once a certain amount of a particular product is sold the computer will automatically re-order the product, this is known as the Sales Based Order. Home Shopping- Tesco has introduced a home shopping service with the use of information technology, this enables people to order their shopping from home using the internet, this is done through a computer programme, it allows its customers to order any of the products that the particular branch sells, orders can be placed 24 hours a day, orders are delivered to the customers home. These home shopper customers have to register and are given a personal ID number, payments for shopping can be made by debit and credit cards. Responsible some factors for significant change: The major sources of changes are the Environmental firstly, taking the shape of economic and political change where we had the rise of enterprise economy and market led economies. Moreover, new work patterns have emerged where more pat-time workers and permanent employees are used nowadays, and with the rise of competition from Europe, Japan or multinational corporations have made it difficult to cope correctly with employees. Finally, we must note the various and fast technological advancements which take place and the shortening of product life cycles that lead to short range strategies and increased flexibility. These factors are discussed as below: Competition in Marketplace: Since year 2004, Tesco, who considers to be a market leader as a Grocery retail sector in the UK not only faced first ever fall in its profit on sales but also faced fierce competition from existing new chains of food retailing market. It is true that falling sales and the first loss in the companys history have forced them to think about radical changes. The UK food retailing market is mature and highly competitive. In addition, the UK market has been affected by negative inflation in the food sector. This negative inflation has been driven by the so-called Wal-Mart effect i.e. downward pressure on prices from Asda / Wal-Marts aggressive Every Day Low Price strategy; it was the Wal-Mart effect that pressurized TESCO into a price war. Changes in Attitude of Customers: Due to high competition, company has faced a considerable change in attitude of customer towards its products. As a maneuver, Tesco has been making continuous attraction strategies for its customers to keep them in close intact in order to remain at top position. So, they always try to bring most attractive goods for the customers. The new option in the goods has been very well advertised nationwide as a result customers are very well attracted towards Tesco. Political factor:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Public concern about the effect of out of town superstores on town centers has grown and both current and future planning policies will seriously hamper future development. Though conversions of existing stores allow some increase in selling space it is limited.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Community organizations have since gained momentum consequent to the Competition Commissions ruling and have been lobbying neighborhoods to boycott supermarkets and large food manufacturers and instead support small independent suppliers, processors and retailers at the expense of large supermarkets like TESCO. Economic:   Businesses cannot control their environment however much they would wish to, instead they must react / adapt to changes within the environment, and this is particularly true in relation to the economy. In periods of recession, many businesses are forced to reduce staffing levels, whilst in boom periods of high growth businesses may seek to expand the size of their workforce to cater for increasing levels of demand for their goods / services. Whilst the UK economy has seen steady overall growth, there has for some time been a cycle of boom and slump within the economy, which has forced businesses to redefine their staffing needs. Social:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.K population on a whole is far more health conscious than in previous years. There has been a trend away from genetically modified foods towards organic foods.  ¨Ã‚  Peoples wealth increases, with the decrease in time for shopping. Besides, people enjoy a busier lifestyle, fewer people cook everyday for themselves. Therefore, the ready meals have become welcome by consumers. Technology: The increasing dependency of businesses on technology to gain competitive advantage over competitors, and the subsequent need to keep pace with technological advances have resulted in increasing emphasis being placed on organisations ensuring that their staffs skill base is constantly re-assessed and developed, through training and recruitment to keep pace with the use of technology.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Grocery retail sector is a major user of new technology. The increasing use of electronic data interchange, laser and self-scanning and other point-of-sale equipment has been a feature of recent innovations by retailers. The use of loyalty cards and the provision of financial and other services have also involved the introduction of sophisticated computer-based systems. Globalization: In the presence of globalization factor, Tesco also change its policies accordingly. This is considered to be one of the major changes in Tesco operations. Same trend has been showing in international regions also. By that company is working on a change to build strong reliable partners. Conclusion: Organisations are a vital part of our society and serve several important needs and demands.   How an organisation is managed in relation to actions of management and the decisions made have an impact on all concerned including other organisations, the community environment as well as individuals. As consumers plays the lifeblood role in Grocery Retail industry, TESCO approach remains Re-active, were it adopts low price strategy to attract customers. Also TESCO is often forced to change their strategy as the competition changes. Question-2: Relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy to the organisational structure and change: A bureaucracy is a type of organisational structure that is found in many large-scale organisations. It appears in both public and private organisations and is a structure that still exists in the majority of industrial organisations in the world, despite being around since the 18th century. Ideally bureaucracy is characterised by hierarchical authority relations, defined spheres of competence subject to impersonal rules, recruitment by competence, and fixed salaries. The main aims of a bureaucracy are to be rational, efficient, and professional. German sociologist, Max Weber was the most important student of bureaucracy, and he described bureaucracy as technically superior to all other forms of organization. Bureaucratic systems have a greater sense of direction and purpose than other types of organisation structure and this helped by the hierarchy of positions and well developed rule system that is consistent in a bureaucracy. Hierarchy structure is sometimes called the Pyramid structure. In this structure there are few people who working above others. These people such as Marketing Manager have more authority over their employees. In many businesses each part of the department is divided into specialists departments where they deal with different task but have the same overall aim. Management in this structure is led by Vertical Communication, which means that the communication goes from the top of the structure to the bottom of the structure. Advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Weber stressed (Conley, 2002) both the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracies. Advantages of bureaucratic system: Bureaucratic system is a very effective way of structuring an organisation. So, it has some advantages like as below: Bureaucracies provide a hierarchical structure whereby workers can rise through the ranks to positions of relative power. Progression is based on technical expertise thereby increasing the professional management of organisations. The development of written rules offered protection to less powerful workers and provided a basis for trade union negotiation. Bureaucracies replaced nepotism and favouritism with impersonal social relations and the basis for equality of treatment. Disadvantages of bureaucratic system: Although, bureaucracy organisational form is very effective for an organisation but it also offer various drawbacks which are as below: Hierarchies and rules formalise power structures and status divides in workplaces Rules cannot cover every eventuality and are themselves subject to interpretation. Over-attention to a rigid set of rules can often hinder the smooth running of an organisation Bureaucracies can create iron cages which dehumanise work The advantages of hierarchy structure are: A leader or leadership team can give the business a direction A leader or team could make quick appropriate decisions on behalf of the organisation. Employees are clear about their position and Span of control within the organisation. Employees know who to report to in events of problems instead of going to the owner directly for irrelevant issues. Employees become motivated because they get a chance to become promoted to a higher tier. The disadvantages of hierarchy structure are: Decisions can often take time to follow the chain of command. Employees can be demotivated if there are considered as at the bottom of the hierarchy. Decisions may be made by a few that are not in the interest of everyone on the organisation. After researching I have found out that the main structure that Tesco operate in is Hierarchy I think that this is a good structure mainly this is because there are more advantages then drawbacks plus this is a good structure to operate in for a big company like Tesco. Question-3 Compare and contrast of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Bureaucracy can have a positive effect on the organisation it could also cause alienation and sense of purposelessness from workers within the system. Working in a large bureaucratic organisation may induce the feeling that they are mere cogs in a huge machine, and therefore lead to unmotivated staff and a decrease of efficiency. Communication through the hierarchy may well be slow in a bureaucratic system, due to the tendency towards centralisation, which would affect the initiative at the lower levels. Due to the bureaucratic systems being well suited to predictable and stable situations, they are not very flexible and therefore find it hard to deal with conditions of change. The rules of a bureaucracy are very rigid and are designed to achieve organisational objectives. However due to the rigidity it may obstruct the attainment of goals and lose sight of its overall organisational objectives. Although bureaucracy has proved its need in the current business environment, there are still several downsides, not only for the organisation, but also for the employee. Many argue that in the twenty-first century, a bureaucratic organisation will be too expensive to maintain. It will also be incapable of responding quickly to change and will not be using the innovative resource of its members. Due to the hierarchical system, problems are usually passed upwards, preventing employees contributing to decisions, which will not promote proactive behaviour and can be damaging to an organisation. Task-2 Question-1 Stakeholders: A stakeholder in an organization is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objectives. (R. Edward Freeman, 46). In the changing business world, a wide range of stakeholders may have an involvement with an organization, such as shareholders, customers, investors, employees, the media, government and non-government organizations. Internal and connected stakeholders: Internal stakeholders include normal employees and managers of a business. In Tesco, the shareholders, the customers and other groups or individuals are involved in the business. These people are called connected stakeholders. All these are very important to Tesco. 1.  Employees: All the employees are important stakeholder to Tesco. The reason for this, that employees are closely involved with organisation. They have a strong influence on the business and the way that the business runs. The expectations that the employees have on Tesco are: A clean and safe working environment Job security Competitive pay rates and benefits such as discounts on Tesco products Interesting and rewarding work Opportunities for promotion and career structure Bonuses 2. Managers: All mangers as well as the directors of the company are stakeholders. In Tesco the manager has a major say on how the business should be run. The expectations that the manager has on Tesco are: developing a local or national reputation as a successful manger working the business to make it bigger than it is now For example at Tescos, those with a high achievement need such as Duty managers or departmental managers tend to seek situations where they have personal responsibility for solving problems, managing projects or for overall performance. 3. Shareholders: This group of stakeholders are interested in the financial part of the Tesco. The expectations that the shareholders has on Tesco are: Shareholders of Tesco want to receive a large and increasing proportion if the companys profits They also hope the companys share price will rise 4. Customers: Tesco are mainly focused on customers. This means that Tesco has to fill the expectations of their customers. These include: Good quality products delivered on time Fair prices After sales service and support, especially for high- technology products. This shows how Tesco are influenced by their customers- Tesco, the UKs largest retailer, buys enormous amounts of products from suppliers and so has great influence. 5. Suppliers: They are expecting to be paid on time and receive regular orders from their customers. Tescos suppliers are interested in any development that might affect the number and size of the orders. Tesco buys its own brand products from suppliers. All products are supplied to Tesco in a finished state. 6. Bankers: Banks and other financial organisations lend money to Tesco and will be concerned that their money is saved. They want Tesco to run successfully and to earn profits. External stakeholders: External stakeholders include individuals or organisations that have interest in the business but do not do anything and have no relationship with that business. 1. Government agencies: The government has lots of reasons to be interested in Tesco: The Inland Revenue collects income tax and corporation tax for Tesco. It is interested in the financial affairs of Tesco Customs and Excise collects Tescos taxes. It collects value added tax (VAT) 2. Pressure groups: These organisations are groups of people who combine to promote a particular view or cause. Pressure groups attempt to influence Tesco by: Campaigning Taking direct action against some firms. Tesco responds to pressure group because they want to have a good public image. 3. Local communities and society: Businesses are an important part of the society. Local communities expect Tesco to: provide stable employment for the community Avoid causing environmentally pollution, noise or other problems that might offend the community. Question-2 Models to involve stakeholders: In recent years, two useful models -a) the Power/Interest Matrix (Mendelow cited in Johnson and Scholes, 2002:208) and b) Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model (Mitchell, et al., 1997) have become popular. Brief Introduction of these Two Models: To assist the analysis, the introduction of the two models is briefly explained in this section. a) The Power/Interest Matrix (shown as Figure 1) implies the political priorities for managing stakeholder relationships by assessing the level of interest and power for each stakeholder (Johnson and Scholes, 2002: 208). High Low High Low PowerE:managing environmentStakeholder Management Publications Management Portal.filesimage004.gif C D A B Level of Interest A Figure 1 Stakeholder Mapping: the Power/Interest Matrix Source: Johnson and Scholes, 2002 Adapted from A. Mendelow, Preceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1991. Source: It can be seen from Figure 1; the stakeholders in Segment D have the most important role among other stakeholders in the success of the strategy. Due to their high power, organisations should give adequate emphasis on the stakeholders in Segment C and attempt to meet their expectations. As for stakeholders in Segment B, organisations need to provide enough information to satisfy their high interest in the strategies or issues. Under some circumstances, some stakeholders (Segment A) neither have power nor interest, so it is unnecessary to invest too much in this group. b) The Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model, illustrated as Figure 2, divides stakeholders into seven types and uses them to reflect a different degree of stakeholders salience which is related to the three basic attributes power, legitimacy and urgency perceived by organisational managers (Mitchell, et al., 1997). Legitimacy Power Dormant Discretionary Definitive Dominant Dependent Dangerous Demanding Urgency Figure 2 Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model Source: Based on Mitchell, Agle and Wood 1997 Mitchell, et al (1997) made detailed explanations for the three attributes. Power means the possibility for a stakeholder to influence the outcome, originating from coercive, legitimate, expert, referent and reward. Urgency indicates time sensitivity and criticality of the situation. Regarding Legitimacy, it refers to the desire of stakeholders to judge the properness of the issue, based on norms, values and beliefs. Both two models are helpful to managers in pursuing success in stakeholder management. However, it is important to realise the limitations that each model might have in order for effective utilization of them. Question-3 Stakeholder mapping in Power/interest matrix model: Stakeholder mapping identifies stakeholder expectations and power and helps in establishing political priorities (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215). This mapping can be carried out by means of Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215), which classifies stakeholders in relation to the power they hold and the degree of interest they show to the organisation (Refer to Figure 4). Low A Minimal Effort B Keep Informed High C Keep Satisfied D Key Players Power Level of Interest Low High Figure 4-Stakeholder mapping: Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K.) Apply Power/Interest Matrix to Tescos Stakeholders: Considering the comments of Power/Interest Matrix for each group, we can ignore Segment A because it only has minimal effort on Tesco. As to Segment C and D, they are all key stakeholders and their expectations should be satisfied continuously. While for Segment B, it has high interest in Tesco and should be properly addressed through informing information to it. Indeed, stakeholders of Segment D (Owners, Top Managers, and etc) have the expectations of good payback and dividends which require Tesco maintains its profit generation in its strength business Traditional Imaging. On the other hand, these stakeholders also seek for capital growth in somewhat more potential business such as Digital Imaging. Stakeholders of Segment C (Customers) always expect better value for money, and they also enjoy the alternatives and value-added products Tesco provided, which ask Tesco to integrate Traditional Imaging with Digital Imaging to generate more innovation. Conclusion: Generally, the expectations of stakeholders of Tesco are diversely and variously. It is clearly that we should find out the key stakeholders and balance their expectations. Here, Owners, Top Managers, Creditors and Customers are identified as key stakeholders of Tesco and in particular their expectations are assessed separately. Obviously, Power/Interest Matrix points out the type of relationship which the organisation need to establish with every stakeholders group. Thus it is helpful in assessing the political ease or difficulty of particular strategic as well as in planning the political dimension of strategic changes Task-3 Question-1: Models for change: There are various models of change are established over the period of time. Every organization can develop adapt any of those models in change process according to the individual circumstances. Two important models of change which can be used during change management are as follows: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) Total Quality Management (TQM) I have shortlisted two organizations for the said topic in order to expedite a brief report about adaptation of different models of change as and when required by them. The first organization was Tesco, London, UK. I worked as Manager Administration with this company for two years. When I joined the organization, it was in a recession phase due to certain circumstances. In those situations, management of the company including me decided to develop adapt the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model of change.   1. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR):-    BPR has four basic key components: Business Processes, Management Measurements, Jobs Structures, and Values Beliefs. BPR is considered to be a much more top-down managed form of change. BPR is best defined as: The fundamental rethinking radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance.   For clarity, it is appropriate also to define what BPR is not. BPR is not automation, restructuring or reorganisation, or delivering although these may be consequences of a BPR exercise. It is also helpful to consider why Tesco contemplated BPR given its radical nature. There were three probable reasons: The business was failing there was no option but to invoke radical change. Business difficulties were foreseen pre-emptive measures were deemed necessary to avoid business failure. The organization, rather than resting on its laurels wished to build on its success invoked radical change to widen its lead over the competition. 2. Total Quality (TQ):- This model of change was developed adapted by the organization operating by the name of Integrated Business Services (IBS), London, UK. In said company I was worked as Manager Sales Marketing. The company is the top rated production manufacturer house of various technical products including aerospace materials. TQ change model was used by the company in January 2004. The Brief description of the model is as follows: TQ comprises change invoked through four key components: Systems, Processes, People Management. TQ is best defined as meeting customer requirements in a context in which every individual in the organization is a customer of the process preceding their own, a supplier to the process succeeding their own. Thus customers are internal to the organization as well as external. Additionally TQ is a competitive concept because it is concerned with being the best, where best is defined by the market place rather than by the product or service provider the best companies will achieve the level of superiority that is usually high. Customer focus is the essence of TQ. Question-2: Necessary steps for planning the implementation process of the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model:- The Four Cornices of BPR Considered by Tesco plc-   1.  Business Processes: The essence of BPR for Tesco plc lied in the adaption of a process orientation. The characteristics of such an orientation were: Multidimensional:  Cross-functional working in organization required combining many tasks into one job or process, in so doing, eliminated hand-offs, reduced administrative overheads associated with controlling the previous fragmented steps provided a single point of contact for process-related queries. Continuous Improvement: BPR recognized continuous improvement in the form of process maintenance continual re-examination redesign of processes which, with time, once more became fragmented. 2.   Management Measurements:- The achievement of a process orientation demanded: Process Mapping:  Existing processes were process-mapped to establish what currently happens why, that was, to develop an understanding of current process. Benchmarking: World-wide cross-industry process comparisons were then be used to establish best practice provided a possible basis for process re-design. 3. Jobs and Structures:- The results of BPR in this regard were typically the following: Flat Structure:  Flat structure was adapted, a process rather than functional orientation, which together with process-teams performed managerial functions, reduced bureaucracy the requirement for complex, multi layer managerial hierarchies. Job Specification:  Job descriptions became comprehensive included details of required level of key competencies such that increased objectivity accuracy could be applied to selection appointment processes. 4. Values Beliefs:- Creating sustaining a process orientation in the Tesco plc demanded: Living the Values:  Senior management lead by example in Tesco plc in this regard. For example: by demonstrating the notion of being customer-facing by spen

Creon Antigone by Sophocles Essay

In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Creon dominates the play with his powerful yet arrogant personality. Even though Antigone is the name of this play, Creon, the ruling king of Thebes with a no turning back attitude, proves to be the main character. Creon rules over everyone but that does not stop the intelligent Antigone from protecting her brothers dead body. She gets caught in this illegal act by the very dynamic character of Creon. There are endless personality traits to describe Creon, but certain traits that pop out are his strength/power and his stubbornness. Who is the man here, she or I if this crime goes unpunished?(Scene 2, lines 82,83). This quote is a simple example of how stubborn a king with that much pride can act toward his own family. We then learn that no matter how wrong he is in his decisions, he still sticks with what he believes to be the right punishment to Antigone. The other proving quote in Scene 3 (line 26) is when Creon states, Do you want me to show myself before the people? Or to break my sworn word? No, and I will not. Creon slowly starts to realize the right thing to do in his situation but something inside of him prevents him from saving Antigone. It could quite possibly be him knowing his own strength and power compared to everyone else. His strength plays a key role in the problems that occurred. Antigone sees right through this personality trait of his. Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way.(Prologue, line 35) Also,in Scene 1 line 118 Creon says,Theres nothing in this world that is more demoralizing than money. Creon really means it when he says this. He thinks that everything in the world has a price. His strength can be translated as a waste cause he doesnt use his powers for the better of the city of Thebes. His power completely forces him to believe that no one is above him. That is where the conflict began for Antigone and Polyneices. There was not much motivation for his actions besides his pride, which is apparently the cause of all their troubles. If Creon would have realized early on that the right thing to do is more important then power and pride, Antigone would not have of been dead. In Scene 2, (line 75,76) Choragus is right on when he says, Like father, like daughter both headstrong, deaf to  reason. Creon believes that his word over all should be the final say. But when Antigone, a female at that, defies him, he flips out and sentences her to rot in a prison cell. In his mind, he was rational with the choices he made. When it comes down to it, Creon was just trying to represent the position of the king. Unfortunately, his greed overcame his responsibility of the throne. His power against everyone else in Thebes proved to be significant when he sentenced Antigone. After the events that happened, he was still so stubborn to turn back. At the very end of this play, Creon finally realized his wrong doings and he said, I was the fool, not you. And you died for me.(Scene 5, line 92) Both his stubbornness and his power broke down and we saw the real Creon. Characters like this in Greek literature are important because the form the plot, the conflict, and the resolution. Without the Creons in plays, there would not be any tragedy or any thing to resolve at the end.

Measurement and Nominal B. Ordinal

Quantitative Analysis for Business Final E Progress: (0/30) 1) The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to A. summarize data in a useful and informative manner B. make inferences about a population C. determine if the data adequately represents the population D. gather or collect data 2) The general process of gathering, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data is called A. statistics B. descriptive statistics C. inferential statistics D. levels of measurement 3) The performance of personal and business investments is measured as a percentage, return on investment. What type of variable is return on investment?A. Qualitative B. Continuous C. Attribute D. Discrete 4) What type of variable is the number of robberies reported in your city? A. Attribute B. Continuous C. Discrete D. Qualitative 5) What level of measurement is the number of auto accidents reported in a given month? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 6) The names of the positions in a corporati on, such as chief operating officer or controller, are examples of what level of measurement? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 7) Shoe sizes, such as 7B, 10D, and 12EEE, are examples of what level of measurement? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio ) Monthly commissions of first-year insurance brokers are $1,270, $1,310, $1,680, $1,380, $1,410, $1,570, $1,180, and $1,420. These figures are referred to as A. a histogram B. raw data C. frequency distribution D. frequency polygon 9) A small sample of computer operators shows monthly incomes of $1,950, $1,775, $2,060, $1,840, $1,795, $1,890, $1,925, and $1,810. What are these ungrouped numbers called? A. Histogram B. Class limits C. Class frequencies D. Raw data 10) The sum of the deviations of each data value from this measure of central location will always be 0. A. Mode B. Mean C. Median D. Standard deviation